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Steve, I assume in most cases, that the "pre-war" straps were worn early in the war by those individuals still wearing the peacetime uniform. The dress regulations are explicit; "Those non-commissioned officers entrusted with an officers' position at the commencement of or during mobilisation...

Steve, I am wondering if your prewar Waffenrock was used by an early WW1 appointment to the rank serving in the Ersatz-Bataillon and still utilising the blue tunic. Incidentally, the Offizierstellvertreter could and was appointed additionally from the active rank of Fähnrich and Fahnenjunker...

Hi Bob, almost certainly. This from the regimental history. Regards Glenn

Steve, according to the regimental history of GR 7 (1897), the rosettes cyphered rosettes were introduced in February 1875. A similar cypher was introduced at the same time to be worn on the swords/sabres. The history further states that these distinctions would be worn on transfer to another...

At first glance, one could think this was the service cap of a Zahlmeister. However, the use of a Wappenschild instead of a small heraldic eagle disproves that. It is configured as a cap of a Feldbeamte der Kriegskassen, literally war treasury field officials as worn between 1898 and 1905. The...

Steve, your print was published in the ZfH in late 1997 among with a few others. This is another example from IR 52. Regards Glenn

To expand on the subject of the small eagles as worn by military officials and civil officials of the military administration, I thought it might be interesting to outline the introduction of the insignia to more easily allow soldiers to differentiate between officers and Beamte. The AKO of 30...

Steve, I am not aware of online copies of the Zeitschrift für Heereskunde. I do have a pdf version of the contents from 1929-2016 which I can of course send to you. Herr Kersten contributed over a 100 articles including some excellent stuff on the Braunschweig and Hanoverian armies, not to...

Steve, if memory serves me right, this and other similar plates were published in the Zeitschrift für Heereskunde, I think in the eighties and nineties. As I recall, Fritz Kersten was a prolific contributor to that publication. Regards Glenn

Square peak "dragoon style": War Ministry - Gold fittings, no scroll, FR, silver shield, domed chin scales War Ministry technical officials - Silver fittings, no scroll, FR, gold shield, domed chin scales War Ministry Senior Staff Apothecary - Silver fittings, no scroll, FR, gold shield, domed...

I wrote this on the forum in 2011: "As a basic rule of thumb, most Prussian Military Officials and Civil Officials of the Military Administration wore a Pickelhaube with square visor and cruciform spike base. There were some exceptions: Zahlmeister Armee-Musikinspizient Veterinary Officials...

it is a wee bit convoluted but in essence is as follows: before the AKO of 15 May 1905, not all officials were required to be saluted by NCOS and soldiers. Those more senior officials and other categories such as the Zahlmeister, veterinary officials etc were entitled to a salute. This was...

Hi Sandy, check out this portrait of Generalleunant a.D. August Lehmann (1864-1929). The awards certainly appear to match and specifically, note that strange button on his right breast pocket flap. Regards Glenn

Sandy, That puts a different complexion on the issue! One can now see SWORDS on the Saxon Albrecht Order. I shall have another look. Regards Glenn

Shame that Herr General's medal bar is not clearer. However, as he is wearing a Bavarian helmet plate, General Ludendorff is clearly out of the question! What is discernible is a peacetime Saxon Albrecht Order commanders' cross. That being the case, in my opinion, this officer is char...

Seems like Herr Rittmeister is also struggling with General „von Reiser“ (Hans von Beseler) and General „Michura“ (Georg Wichura) Not to mention General „von Kirbach“ (Kirchbach) ;) Regards Glenn

Doug, you might want to try a copy of this book by Gerard Gorokhoff. It has the advantage of also being in English (and Russian). Covers all branches of the Russian cavalry immediately pre war and during the war profusely illustrated with quality photographs and plates. 365 pages. Regards...

Mike, außer Dienst = retired Regards Glenn

Mike, Steve, Major von Collani commanded both the II. Bataillon and the entire 7. Garde-Infanterie-Regiment respectively. He survived the war but died relatively shortly afterwards on 2 February 1922. Regards Glenn

Mike, great portrait and indeed the later OPLM winner Erwin von Collani. Interestingly enough, the then Hauptmann von Collani was a company commander in the I. Bataillon from 1908 to 1913. Regards Glenn